Not only will Roman be able to image individual stars in nearby galaxies – with similar processing, stellar streams will appear even more prominent. Current observatories can’t see faint individual stars in and around galaxies, so we can only see the biggest stellar streams and only when selecting the stellar stream-like stars in the image. “So stellar streams hold secrets from the past and can illuminate billions of years of evolution.” This animation shows simulated stellar streams amid a realistic background of stars in the Andromeda galaxy (M31). “As individual stars leak out of the dwarf galaxy and fall into the more massive one, they form long, thin streams that remain intact for billions of years,” said Sarah Pearson, a Hubble postdoctoral fellow at New York University in New York City and the lead author of a separate study, also published in The Astrophysical Journal, about the mission’s projected observations in this area. Its stars drizzle out, tracing arcs and loops around the larger galaxy until they ultimately become its newest members. A dwarf galaxy captured into orbit by a larger one becomes distorted by gravity. Simulations support the theory that galaxies grow in part by gobbling up smaller groups of stars.
The team, led by Starkenburg, will share their results at the American Astronomical Society’s 240th meeting in Pasadena, California, today. “Roman’s wide, deep images will be sharp enough that we can resolve individual stars in other galaxies’ halos, making it possible to study stellar streams in a large number of galaxies for the first time.” “Halos are mostly made from stars that were stripped away from other galaxies,” said Tjitske Starkenburg, a postdoctoral fellow at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, who examined Roman’s potential in this area. Studying them transforms astronomers into galactic archaeologists. But these stellar flyaways are signs of an ancient cosmic-scale drama that serve as fossil records of a galaxy’s past. Stellar streams look like ethereal strands of hair extending outward from some galaxies, peacefully drifting through space as part of the halo-a spherical region surrounding a galaxy. Astronomers will use these observations to explore how galaxies grow and the nature of dark matter.
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Missions like the Hubble and James Webb space telescopes would have to patch together hundreds of small images to see these structures around nearby galaxies in full.
NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will study wispy streams of stars that extend far beyond the apparent edges of many galaxies. (2016), based on images from Martínez-Delgado et al. Roman could improve on these observations by resolving individual stars to understand each stream’s stellar populations and see stellar streams of various sizes in even more galaxies. Galaxies are surrounded by enormous halos of hot gas sprinkled with sporadic stars, seen as the shadowy regions that encase each galaxy here. Color images of each of the nearby galaxies featured are included for context.
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This series of images shows how astronomers find stellar streams by reversing the light and dark, similar to negative images.
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